[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.lukre.cz\/jak-se-meri-pocasi\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.lukre.cz\/jak-se-meri-pocasi\/","headline":"Jak se m\u011b\u0159\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed","name":"Jak se m\u011b\u0159\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed","description":"Ji\u017e v mlad\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b kamenn\u00e9 za\u010dali lid\u00e9 zji\u0161\u0165ovat, jak dok\u00e1\u017ee b\u00fdt po\u010das\u00ed zr\u00e1dn\u00e9 i nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9. Pr\u00e1v\u011b v obdob\u00ed kolem 5 000 p\u0159. n. l. za\u010dali lid\u00e9 obd\u011bl\u00e1vat prvn\u00ed pol\u00ed\u010dka a v\u011bnovat se zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. Proto\u017ee tehdy je\u0161t\u011b neexistovala \u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 um\u011bl\u00e1 z\u00e1vlaha, byl \u010dlov\u011bk zcela z\u00e1visl\u00fd na rozmarech po\u010das\u00ed. A\u017e o \u010dty\u0159i a p\u016fl tis\u00edce let pozd\u011bji se ve […]","datePublished":"2019-12-26","dateModified":"2023-05-22","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.lukre.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.lukre.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6eaf701939e92690bed32d6f2e2c0f9e1355f2e3837c1fb45fbfacf848239e2d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6eaf701939e92690bed32d6f2e2c0f9e1355f2e3837c1fb45fbfacf848239e2d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"lukre.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.lukre.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a364465_w3413_t1577271258.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.lukre.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a364465_w3413_t1577271258.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.lukre.cz\/jak-se-meri-pocasi\/","about":["Technika"],"wordCount":458,"articleBody":"Ji\u017e v mlad\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b kamenn\u00e9 za\u010dali lid\u00e9 zji\u0161\u0165ovat, jak dok\u00e1\u017ee b\u00fdt po\u010das\u00ed zr\u00e1dn\u00e9 i nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9. Pr\u00e1v\u011b v obdob\u00ed kolem 5 000 p\u0159. n. l. za\u010dali lid\u00e9 obd\u011bl\u00e1vat prvn\u00ed pol\u00ed\u010dka a v\u011bnovat se zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. Proto\u017ee tehdy je\u0161t\u011b neexistovala \u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 um\u011bl\u00e1 z\u00e1vlaha, byl \u010dlov\u011bk zcela z\u00e1visl\u00fd na rozmarech po\u010das\u00ed. A\u017e o \u010dty\u0159i a p\u016fl tis\u00edce let pozd\u011bji se ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m \u0158ecku objevuj\u00ed prvn\u00ed n\u00e1znaky meteorologie, kdy se v At\u00e9n\u00e1ch za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat parapegmata. Byly to kamenn\u00e9 \u010di d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 desky, na kter\u00fdch byla zakreslena oblast m\u011bsta a kolem n\u00ed v kruhu \u0159ada otvor\u016f. Podle toho, jak proudil v\u00edtr, ozna\u010doval se jeho sm\u011br pomoc\u00ed d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch kol\u00edk\u016f. \u0160lo tak o prvn\u00ed kr\u00e1tkodobou p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f sm\u011bru v\u011btru. O sto let pozd\u011bji vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 \u0159eck\u00fd filozof a matematik Plat\u00f3n sv\u00e9 pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed o po\u010das\u00ed Meteora (v\u011bci nadzemsk\u00e9) a \u0161edes\u00e1t let po n\u011bm Aristoteles svoji Meteorologicu.\t\tM\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 veli\u010diny\t \tPro p\u0159esnou p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f po\u010das\u00ed je pot\u0159eba zn\u00e1t celou \u0159adu faktor\u016f tak, aby vznikl ucelen\u00fd stav informac\u00ed, na z\u00e1klad\u011b kter\u00fdch se d\u011blaj\u00ed kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bdi po\u010das\u00ed \u010di dlouhodob\u00e9 matematick\u00e9 modely v\u00fdhledu. M\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 veli\u010diny se z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed ze stacion\u00e1rn\u00edch stanic, meteorologick\u00fdch sond a dru\u017eicov\u00fdch sn\u00edmk\u016f.\t \tTeplota vzduchu (m\u011b\u0159\u00ed se pomoc\u00ed kapalinov\u00e9ho teplom\u011bru, u sond se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010didla)\tAtmosf\u00e9rick\u00fd tlak (zde se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 vlastnost\u00ed aneroid\u016f \u010di rtu\u0165ov\u00fdch tlakom\u011br\u016f)\tVlhkost vzduchu (d\u0159\u00edve se po\u017e\u00edval vlhkom\u011br vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed rozta\u017enosti lidsk\u00fdch vlas\u016f, dnes se vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 halogenov\u00fdch analyz\u00e1tor\u016f)\tSm\u011br v\u011btru (data se zji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed z korouhvi\u010dky napojen\u00e9 na p\u0159esn\u00e1 \u010didla)\tRychlost v\u011btru (m\u011b\u0159\u00ed se pomoc\u00ed anemometru, kter\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 rotace vrtulky p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 na rotor)\tMno\u017estv\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017eek (sr\u00e1\u017eky se sb\u00edraj\u00ed do pozemn\u00edch sr\u00e1\u017ekom\u011br\u016f, kde je pomoc\u00ed \u010didla m\u011b\u0159ena v\u00fd\u0161ka hladiny)\t\tMeteorologick\u00e9 radiosondy se do stratosf\u00e9ry vypou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed t\u0159ikr\u00e1t denn\u011b. Jde o elektronick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, ve kter\u00fdch jsou \u010didla teploty, vlhkosti a atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9ho tlaku. Ta jsou um\u00edst\u011bna v polystyrenov\u00e9 kapsli, ke kter\u00e9 je p\u0159iv\u00e1z\u00e1n bal\u00f3n pln\u011bn\u00fd plynem, kter\u00fd je leh\u010d\u00ed ne\u017e vzduch. Tyto sondy jsou pouze na jedno pou\u017eit\u00ed. Opakovan\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pouze sondy s \u010didlem na m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed stavu oz\u00f3nu.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4\/5 - (5 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Jak se m\u011b\u0159\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed","item":"https:\/\/www.lukre.cz\/jak-se-meri-pocasi\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]